The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.